^ US3152710A, Platte, "Plastic milk bottle", published 1964.^ US3225950A, Josephsen, "Plastic bottle", published 1965."Polycarbonate Bottle Use and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations". ^ Sidel (18 August 2018), "Many Good Reasons for Liquid Dairy to Switch to PET Packaging", Canadian Packaging, retrieved 16 September 2020.A key factor with one-way recyclables is the recycling rate: In the US, only about 30–35% of HDPE bottles are recycled. Breakage, contamination, or other loss reduces the benefits of returnables. A key factor with glass milk bottles is the number of cycles of uses to be expected. Reuse of bottles requires a reverse logistics system, cleaning and, sanitizing bottles, and an effective Quality Management System. One recent life cycle study of one-way recyclable HDPE bottles indicated the importance of secondary packaging: returnable plastic crates can allow lower tare weight bottles. Often the comparisons show benefits and problems with all alternatives.
Researchers have often used life cycle analysis methodologies to balance the many diverse considerations. Many potential factors are involved in environmental comparisons of returnable vs non-returnable systems. The volume of finished bottles is periodically measured, and volume inserts are changed as needed. Different size inserts can be used as manufacturing circumstances change, for example mould temperature or cooling rate. A volume insert attaches to the inside of a mould, creating a circular indentation on the side of the finished bottle. The amount of shrinkage depends upon many factors, including cycle time, inflation air pressure, time in storage prior to filling, storage temperature, and more.Ī volume adjuster insert is one way to slightly adjust the volume of a bottle, without building a completely new mould. Shrinkage always occurs after the item is released from the mould. The designer of a die for a blow moulded bottle can never be completely sure of how much the finished bottle will hold. Therefore, the volume of the container must be precisely controlled. To be acceptable to consumers, the containers must also appear to be completely full. Milk containers for retail sale must contain the same amount of milk as indicated on the label. Volume control The indentation on the left side of a milk bottle adjusts the volume of the bottle. Shelf life can be extended by ultrapasteurisation and aseptic processing. Other factors such as light and temperature abuse have effects. The shelf life of pasteurized milk in HDPE bottles and LDPE pouches has been determined to be between 10 and 21 days when stored at 4–8 ☌. Small individual containers of milk and cream are often thermoformed or injection molded and have a peelable lid. Larger bags are the inner bladder of a Bag-in-box, sometimes used for institutional dispensing. The milk is sold in a plastic bag and put into a pitcher for use. A special flat-top square milk jug was recently developed to maximize shipping and storing efficiency but had some difficulties in dispensing. Some have a round cross section while others have a more square or rectangular shape. A wide variety of milk bottle designs are available. HDPE is the primary material but polyester is also used. Container forms īlow molded plastic milk bottles have been in use since the 1960s. Polycarbonate had been considered but had concerns about potential contamination with bisphenol A. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyester (PET) are also in use.
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The most common material in milk packaging is high density polyethylene (HDPE), recycling code 2. Strict standards of cleanliness and processing must be followed.
Use of food contact materials is required: potential food contamination is prohibited. Packaging of milk is regulated by regional authorities. Glass milk bottles have traditionally been reusable while light-weight plastic bottles are designed for single trips and plastic recycling. Plastic bottles, sometimes called jugs, have largely replaced glass bottles for home consumption.
Plastic milk containers are plastic containers for storing, shipping and dispensing milk.
Plastic bottles with indentations for handles Plastic bottle used to store commercially sold milk Plastic bottle of milk.
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